Optimización de Compras Internacionales y su Impacto en la Competitividad del Sector de Electrodomésticos Ecuatoriano International Purchasing Optimization and Its Impact on the Competitiveness of Ecuador’s Household Appliance Sector
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La gestión de compras internacionales condiciona el costo, la disponibilidad, la continuidad de abastecimiento y la capacidad de respuesta de las empresas comercializadoras de electrodomésticos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las dimensiones de optimización de las compras internacionales que pueden fortalecer la competitividad del sector ecuatoriano y proponer un modelo integrador de gestión basado en costo total, proveedores, planificación de demanda, digitalización y resiliencia. Se aplicó un diseño no experimental, documental, descriptivo y longitudinal. La evidencia empírica se construyó con estadísticas oficiales del Banco Central del Ecuador sobre importaciones de bienes de consumo duradero para 2020–2025, complementadas con una revisión integrativa estructurada de literatura académica y fuentes institucionales verificables. Se calcularon variaciones interanuales, crecimiento acumulado, tasa media compuesta y dispersión relativa. Los resultados muestran que las importaciones de bienes de consumo duradero pasaron de USD 1.313,9 millones en 2020 a USD 2.309,2 millones en 2025, equivalente a un crecimiento acumulado de 75,8% y una tasa compuesta anual aproximada de 11,9%. La serie alcanzó un máximo de USD 2.464,5 millones en 2023, se contrajo 16,5% en 2024 y se recuperó 12,2% en 2025, confirmando un entorno de demanda y abastecimiento volátil. La síntesis de evidencia identifica seis capacidades prioritarias: costo total puesto en bodega, evaluación multicriterio de proveedores, integración ventas–inventario–compras, trazabilidad digital, analítica e inteligencia artificial, y resiliencia con criterios de sostenibilidad. Se concluye que la competitividad no depende únicamente del menor precio de compra, sino de la coordinación de estas capacidades y de su seguimiento mediante indicadores operativos y financieros
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