Sistema Integral de Monitoreo Inteligente Multimodal en Porcinos desde el Nacimiento Hasta el Sacrificio Integral Multimodal Intelligent Monitoring System in Pigs from Birth to Slaughter
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La producción porcina a nivel mundial enfrenta el desafío de optimizar el bienestar animal, la eficiencia productiva y la inocuidad alimentaria a lo largo de toda la cadena productiva. El monitoreo continuo y no invasivo mediante tecnologías multimodales inteligentes se ha posicionado como una solución estratégica para este propósito. El presente artículo de revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2021 y 2026 sobre sistemas integrales de monitoreo inteligente multimodal en porcinos, abarcando desde el nacimiento hasta el sacrificio. Se siguieron los lineamientos PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) para la selección de estudios. Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, DOAJ y Google Scholar. Tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión rigurosos, se incluyeron 55 estudios en la revisión. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada mediante la Escala de Jadad. Los hallazgos demuestran que los sistemas basados en visión artificial, sensores IoT (Internet de las Cosas), análisis acústico y algoritmos de aprendizaje profundo permiten detectar con alta precisión eventos críticos del ciclo productivo porcino: partos, comportamiento neonatal, enfermedades respiratorias, bienestar en crecimiento-finalización y calidad de canal en el matadero. Se concluye que la integración multimodal de tecnologías es la estrategia más eficaz para un monitoreo integral, aunque persisten desafíos en la estandarización, escalabilidad y transferibilidad de las soluciones propuestas
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