Work environment and psychosocial risk in a Technical Educational Institution in the Magdalena department (Colombian Caribbean) Clima laboral y riesgo psicosocial en una Institución Educativa Técnica Departamental del Magdalena (Caribe Colombiano)
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
The work environment and psychosocial risk were characterized in a technical educational institution in the department of Magdalena (Colombian Caribbean). A non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was carried out with a census sampling of 60 potential participants; 51 teachers and administrators responded with informed consent. A Likert-type questionnaire (1–5) was applied, measuring work environment in four dimensions (control over work; teamwork/support; recognition/justice; leadership/communication) and psychosocial risk in two (job demands; job insecurity). Descriptive statistics and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) were estimated. The climate was overall favorable: control 4.05 (α=0.753), teamwork/support 3.68 (α=0.907), recognition/justice 3.48 (α=0.905), and leadership/communication 3.47 (α=0.949). Regarding psychosocial risk, demands averaged 2.97 (α=0.747) and insecurity 2.30 (α=0.882), with a high dispersion in the latter. The prevalence of incivility and harassment in the last three months was 15.7% and 11.8%, respectively. Better leadership/communication and greater recognition/fairness were associated with fewer demands (r≈−0.56 to −0.67) and greater control (r≈0.65). The institution presents protective resources, autonomy, and collegial support that cushion tension, but gaps persist in vertical communication, feedback, and procedural justice, along with demands that encroach on personal time. It is recommended to strengthen leadership and transparency practices, set limits on extracurricular work, redistribute workloads, and consolidate incivility and harassment prevention protocols with confidential reporting channels and psychosocial support. The findings offer a useful baseline for monitoring organizational interventions and future teacher mental health care.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Citas
Adamović, M. (2023). Organizational justice research: Review, synthesis, and future directions. Journal of Business Research, 156, 113482.
Admiraal, W., et al. (2023). Teachers' job demands, resources and related outcomes: A systematic review. Educational Review, 75(5), 709–732.
American Association for Public Opinion Research. (2016). Standard definitions: Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys (9th ed.). AAPOR.
Bakker, A. B. (2023). Job Demands–Resources theory: Ten years later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10, 25–53.
Boateng, GO, Neilands, TB, Frongillo, EA, Melgar-Quiñonez, HR, & Young, SL (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 149.
DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). SAGE.
French, K.A., Dumani, S., Allen, T.D., & Shockley, K.M. (2017). A meta-analysis of work–family conflict and social support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 45–61.
Hernández-Sampieri, R., Fernández-Collado, C., & Baptista-Lucio, P. (2018). Research Methodology (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Holm, K., Torkelson, E., & Bäckström, M. (2022). Workplace incivility as a risk factor for workplace bullying and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study of victims and witnesses in a sample of Swedish engineers. BMC Psychology, 10(1), 299.
James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T., & Tibshirani, R. (2021). An introduction to statistical learning (2nd ed.). Springer.
Jolly, P.M., Kong, D.T., & Kim, K.Y. (2021). Social support at work: An integrative review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(2), 229–251.
Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 863.
Larsson, K., et al. (2019). The Job Demand–Control–Support model and its associations with health outcomes: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 45(5), 456–469.
Li, Y., Zhang, S., Kwan, H.K., & Liu, Z. (2022). Antecedents and outcomes of work–family conflict: A mega-meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(2), 222–242.
Lohr, S. L. (2010). Sampling: Design and analysis (2nd ed.). Brooks/Cole.
Lohrmann, F., Hufnagel, M., Kunze, M., Afshar, B., Creti, R., Detcheva, A., … & DEVANI Study Group. (2023). Neonatal invasive disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae in Europe: The DEVANI multi-center study. Infection, 51(4), 981–991.
Magnavita, N., et al. (2022). Organizational justice and occupational stress: A study in healthcare workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2107.
Mazzetti, G., et al. (2023). A meta-analysis using the Job Demands–Resources model to understand work engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 38(7), 540–556.
McNeish, D. (2018). Thanks coefficient alpha, we'll take it from here. Psychological Methods, 23(2), 412–433.
Notelaers, G., Törnroos, M., & Salin, D. (2019). Effort–reward imbalance: A risk factor for exposure to bullying. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 386.
Peng, X. (2023). Promoting civility at work: A systematic review and meta-analysis of definitions, measurements, and associated factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1066619.
Razali, N.M., & Wah, Y.B. (2011). Power comparisons of Shapiro–Wilk, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson–Darling tests. Journal of Statistical Modeling and Analytics, 2(1), 21–33.
Shoorideh, F.A., Moosavi, S., & Balouchi, A. (2021). Incivility toward nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Ethics and the History of Medicine, 14, 15.
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, M. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55.
Tummers, LG, Bakker, AB, Derks, D., & van der Lippe, T. (2021). Leadership and Job Demands–Resources theory: A systematic review. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(6), 101540.
World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194.