Inteligencia artificial en los procesos de comercio exterior: estudio piloto sobre preparación, barreras y beneficios esperados en Guayaquil, Ecuador (2026) Artificial intelligence in foreign trade processes: a pilot study of readiness, barriers, and expected benefits in Guayaquil, Ecuador (2026)
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El objetivo del estudio fue analizar, en una fase piloto, la preparación para la adopción de inteligencia artificial (IA), las barreras percibidas y los beneficios esperados en los procesos de comercio exterior de empresas ubicadas en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Se desarrolló un estudio aplicado, cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal, con alcance exploratorio-descriptivo para esta fase. El instrumento fue un cuestionario autoadministrado con escala Likert de cinco puntos, organizado en tres dimensiones: preparación para la adopción de IA, barreras para su implementación y beneficios esperados. El piloto registró 15 respuestas. El análisis descriptivo mostró medias de 3.73 para preparación, 3.91 para barreras y 4.16 para beneficios esperados. Los mayores niveles de acuerdo se observaron en la expectativa de reducción del tiempo de preparación, revisión documental y despacho aduanero (86.7 %) y de los costos operativos por embarque (86.7 %). La falta de personal especializado y las preocupaciones sobre privacidad, ciberseguridad y posibles errores de la IA destacaron como barreras, con 80.0 % de acuerdo en ambos casos. Los resultados del piloto sugieren una percepción favorable sobre la utilidad potencial de la IA, pero evidencian la necesidad de fortalecer capacidades humanas, gobernanza de datos, seguridad e interoperabilidad. Debido al tamaño muestral y a la disponibilidad de información agregada por ítem, los hallazgos deben interpretarse como evidencia preliminar; no son generalizables ni permiten establecer causalidad o contrastar de forma definitiva la hipótesis correlacional propuesta
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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