Diferenciación de la marcha en adultos mayores con dolor lumbar con y sin realidad virtual
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El dolor lumbar es considerado una de las principales alteraciones musculoesqueléticas que afecta la funcionalidad y el patrón de la marcha en los adultos mayores. La realidad virtual (RV) surge como una herramienta innovadora, mostrando efectos positivos en el equilibrio y marcha ya que incorpora estímulos visuales, cognitivos y propioceptivos generando retroalimentación sensorial en tiempo real. El objetivo de este estudio fue de analizar la marcha en adultos mayores con dolor lumbar con y sin realidad virtual. Se desarrollo un estudio transversal, en el cual participaron 30 adultos mayores con dolor lumbar (27 mujeres,3 hombres; edad de 74,67 ± 5,76 años, peso de 58,83 ± 9,2 kg, talla de 1,45 ± 0,08 m), los cuales realizaron una caminata en dos condiciones controladas, primero en un escenario convencional y posteriormente en un escenario inmersivo mediante gafas de realidad virtual, Se registraron parámetros cinemáticos angulares y espaciotemporales de la marcha. Se observaron diferencias significativas en los parámetros espaciotemporales, especialmente reflejadas en la disminución de longitud de zancada y velocidad, además de un aumento de la fase de apoyo, lo cual sugiere estrategias de adaptación motoras orientadas a mejorar la estabilidad y reducir el riesgo de caída. En conclusión, la realidad virtual influye en el control de la marcha en adultos mayores con dolor lumbar, ocasionando cambios en el patrón locomotor asociados a procesos de integración sensorial y control postural. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a complementar estudios de marcha en adultos mayores.
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