Mecanismos intrínsecos y extrínsecos de mycobacterium tuberculosis que fundamentan la resistencia a los antimicrobianos Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of mycobacterium tuberculosis that support antimicrobial resistance
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis es el agente causal de la tuberculosis (TB), una enfermedad infecciosa de gran importancia para la salud pública debido al creciente número de pacientes que la padecen en coinfección con el VIH y a que, después de la pandemia de COVID-19, se ha convertido en la principal causa de muerte por un agente infeccioso (Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS], 2024a). El tratamiento antibiótico frente a la tuberculosis es complejo, costoso y a menudo desencadena efectos adversos. Además, el aparecimiento de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, que ocurre con cada vez mayor frecuencia, hace necesaria la comprensión profunda de los mecanismos tanto intrínsecos como extrínsecos que favorecen la evasión de la respuesta inmune y la resistencia al tratamiento. Este artículo presenta una revisión de las características biológicas propias e intrínsecas de MTB que le permiten resistir a los antibióticos. Asimismo, este trabajo explora los diversos cambios y mutaciones que han escapado a la presión de selección y han conducido al aparecimiento de cepas medianamente resistentes y extremadamente resistentes. Dada la falta de una vacuna protectora y eficiente, el abordaje de la comprensión del patógeno y la interacción patógeno-hospedador para la generación de nuevas estrategias farmacológicas y el desarrollo de nuevos antibióticos requiere un conocimiento y una comprensión más profundos del área.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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