Determinantes de la formalidad empresarial en micronegocios urbanos: evidencia empírica del cantón Milagro, Ecuador Determinants of Business Formalization in Urban Microenterprises: Empirical Evidence from the Canton of Milagro, Ecuador
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La informalidad empresarial constituye una de las principales características estructurales de las economías en desarrollo, especialmente en los micronegocios urbanos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los determinantes de la formalización empresarial en los micronegocios del Cantón Milagro, Ecuador, mediante la estimación de un modelo Probit con errores estándar robustos. La investigación utilizó información censal proveniente de 942 micronegocios urbanos recopilada a través de un proyecto de vinculación entre la Universidad Estatal de Milagro y la Cámara de Comercio local. Los resultados evidencian que el ingreso mensual y la antigüedad del negocio constituyen factores clave para explicar la probabilidad de formalización. Los negocios con mayores ingresos y más años de permanencia en el mercado presentan una mayor propensión a operar formalmente. Asimismo, se identificaron importantes diferencias territoriales y sectoriales, destacándose mayores niveles de formalización en actividades con mayor regulación y exposición institucional. Además, los emprendedores extranjeros mostraron una probabilidad superior de formalización respecto a los propietarios ecuatorianos
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